中国自然保护区体系和综合管理体系建设的思考

Thinking of construction of the nature reserve system and integrated management system in China

自然生态保护是生态文明建设的重要任务之一。中国自1956年建立第一个自然保护区以来,自然保护区的建设得到不断发展,取得了巨大成就,无论是现有自然保护区的数量,还是保护区面积都已位居世界前列,奠定了中国以自然保护为核心的生态文明建设工作基础。然而,不得不清醒地认识到,在中国自然保护区事业发展的过程中,依然存在着一些必须解决的管理体系、制度和技术方面的瓶颈性问题,严重制约着自然保护区事业的健康发展。本文从分析国内外自然保护区分类分区的现状与问题出发,从中国自然保护区体系和综合管理体系建设的总体思路、基本原则和工作重点入手,系统阐述了中国自然保护区分类及保护等级、功能分区及管理目标,并提出了一种新的保护区"类型划分、管理分级和功能分区"的设计方案,提出建立"可监管、可报告、可预警"的保护区分类、分级和分区管理体系,以期促进中国自然保护区事业的健康发展。

Natural ecological protection is a key task of ecological civilization construction. Since the establishment of the first nature reserve in 1956,tremendous progress have been made in nature reserve construction in China. For example,there were 2 679 nature reserves of various types and grades in 2013,covering 1.42 × 108hm2 of terrestrial area in China. The amount and the area of nature reserves in China have been at the global forefront;however,we must realize that some bottle-necks still need to be resolved,such as management systems,regimes,and technology.Here,we propose the general idea,basic principle,key point of nature reserve system and integrated management system construction,and then put forward a new design scheme for nature reserve classification,management grade,and function zone division based on analysis of the current situation and problems in the classification and partition of nature reserves in China and internationally. The new scheme divides nature reserves into six types,including natural ecological protection belt,integrated nature reserve group,integrated nature reserve,important species protected area,important natural landscape protected area,and important heritage protected area.This scheme divides one nature reserve into six zones：core zone,buffer zone,exhibition zone,experimental zone,living zone,and transition zone from the point of management. We put forward that a management system that can be regulated,reported,and predicted should be established,and this work will hopefully promote the healthy development of nature reserves in China.