第一次国共合作时期中国共产党反帝主张的变化及其影响

Changes in the Chinese Communist Party's Anti-Imperialist Ideas and Their Influence during the First Period of Cooperation between the Guomindang and the CCP

反对帝国主义是第一次国共合作的政治基础之一,同时亦成为国民革命的基本目标。在早期,中共反帝方针的基本内涵和主要任务,便是废除不平等条约。1927年汉口"一三"事件发生后,中共的反帝方针发生变化,从主张废约趋向于彻底清除帝国主义在华势力。变化原因,除了国内革命形势的发展和群众斗争的高涨之外,与共产国际的指示有着密切关系。中共的急进方针扩展了国民革命的反帝斗争,也由此与国民党发生矛盾,对国共合作的格局产生相应的影响,在某种程度上促使国民党加速分裂进程。为了尽快建立全国政权,国民党对帝国主义的态度愈益走向妥协。又由于在领导权、工农运动、土地运动等问题上的冲突,先是蒋介石发动政变,继而汪精卫实行"分共",国共两党终于分道扬镳。

Anti-Imperialism was one of the political bases for the first period of cooperation between the Guomindang and the CCP;at the same time it became the basic goal of the national revolution.In the early period,the basic content and main goal of the CCP's anti-imperialist policies was to abolish all the unequal treaties.After the 1927 'January Third' Incident in Hankou,the CCP's anti-imperialist policies shifted from abolishment of unequal treaties to completely eliminating the power of imperialism in China.The reasons for this change lie both in the development of the domestic revolutionary situation and the upsurge in the common people's struggle,and also in the instructions of the Comintern.The CCP's radical policies enlarged the anti-imperialist struggles of the national revolution,but they also led the CCP into conflict with the Guomindang.Correspondingly,this influenced the pattern of cooperation between the Guomindang and the CCP,hastening to a certain extent the process of the Guomindang's split.In order to establish a national government as quickly as possible,the Guomindang increasingly compromised in its attitude toward imperialism.Moreover,owing to conflicts over issues like leadership,worker and peasant movements,and the land movement,Chiang Kai-shek first staged a coup.Then,Wang Jingwei undertook the measure of 'separating from the CCP,' and the two parties finally parted company.