从新津劫案看辛亥鼎革前后的基层社会秩序

Looking at the Grassroots Social Order during the 1911 Revolution through the Lens of the Xinjin Robbery

1911年四川爆发的保路运动成为引发辛亥革命、推翻清朝统治的导火索。在政权更迭过程中,成都平原乡村社会秩序混乱,抢劫案件频发。新津县辛亥年(1911)十月至壬子年(1912)三月发生了300多起抢劫案件。面对混乱的社会秩序,大汉四川军政府和县级政权在沿用清朝法令的同时,组织新机构、颁布新法令;地方士绅积极兴办团练;民众也结成团体自卫互助。在官、绅、民的共同努力下,壬子年五月后新津县的地方秩序得到恢复,然而军阀割据、连年混战,社会秩序已经很难回到传统时代。

The Railway Protection Movement that broke out in 1911 in Sichuan was the flashpoint for the beginning of the 1911 Revolution and the campaign to overthrow the rule of the Qing government.As seen in Xinjin county,during the process of the change in government the rural society of the Chengdu Plain was in disorder,and robberies occurredfrequently.Between October 1911 and March 1912,more than 300 robberies occurred in the county.In the face of this chaotic social order,the Dahan Sichuan Military Government and county level authorities built new institutions and promulgated new laws while continuing to use laws of the Qing government;local gentry actively organized civil militias,and the common people also united for self-defense and mutual support.Due to the combined endeavors of officials,gentry and the common people,order was restored in Xinjin county after May of 1912.However,because of warlord separatism and the successive years of tangled warfare,it had already become very difficult to restore the social order of the traditional era.