4665例儿童急性中毒咨询病例中毒特征及毒物谱分析

Analysis of Poisoning Characters and Poison Spectrum of 4665 Pediatric Acute Poisoning Consultant Cases

目的分析中国疾病预防控制中心中毒咨询热线儿童中毒咨询病例毒物谱及流行病学特征,为急性中毒预防与处理提供参考。方法选取2008年1月1日至2013年12月31日4665例合格中毒咨询病例（年龄〈18岁）,统计学分析性别、年龄、中毒毒物种类、接触途径、中毒原因等。结果 4665例中56.51%咨询来源于医生,41.35%来源于亲属。病例分布有季节性特点,夏季病例最多。76.55%中毒原因为误服导致,男女总体性别比为2.3∶1,1-7岁学龄前儿童年龄组占到总病例的76.29%。农药为导致中毒的主要毒物,其次为化学品及药物。结论儿童摄入中毒大多数为误服,小于7岁的儿童比其他年龄组更易发生。男孩中毒比例远高于女孩,农药导致的儿童中毒问题严重,家长应加强毒物的保管,以避免和减少儿童意外中毒的发生。

Objective To evaluate the categories of poison and epidemiologic characteristics of pediatric acute poisoning cases collected by National Poison Control Center of China CDC for further prevention and treatment. Method Poisoning cases involving patients younger than 18 years were selected. Descriptive analysis according by sex,age groups,type of poison,route and reasons of poisoning,and other general information. Result A total of 4665 cases during the period of 01 /01 /2008 to 31 /12 /2013 were included and analyzed. 56. 51% were reported by doctors,and41. 35% were reported by parents. The distribution of poisoning time was regularly fluctuated as seasons changed.Most patients were occurred in summer. Most exposures were unintentional（ 76. 55%）. The sex ratio（ male / female）was 2. 3∶ 1,76. 29% of the patients belonged to the age group of 1- 7（ pre-school）. Pesticides were the most common substances（ 78. 74%）,chemical and medicine followed. Conclusion Children＇s ingestion of toxic substances caused by exposure is mostly unintentional. Most cases involved children between 1- 7 years old. Boys tend to be more susceptible to unintentional exposure than girls Pediatric poisoning induced by pesticide in the China's Mainland is an important issue. Parents should pay more attention to avoid children＇s access to toxic substances.