不同白掌组合授粉结实和种子特性研究

Fruit-setting and Seed Characteristics of Spathiphyllum with Different Pollination Combinations

为了解白掌属植物杂交授粉和结实特性,建立杂交选育群体,对白掌属13个种或品种植物进行了组合授粉杂交试验,实施杂交组合24个,9个杂交组合和S.floribundum开放自然授粉处理获得了果实和种子,培育了授粉后代群体;不同组合结果率为15.8%~100%,果实成熟需要50~108 d。各杂交组合每果实种子数为1~10.5个,种子具不同的大小、颜色和表面纹饰形态;不同组合的种子萌发率差异很大,从0.63%到84.67%,成苗率为0.63%~72.63%。结果表明,品种间容易杂交,而不同种间杂交结实率和正常发育种子率均较低。在泰勒×大花白掌和亮叶白掌×大花白掌两个组合中出现了黄化苗,比例分别为17.73%和16.1%。

In order to understand the characteristics of cross pollination, seed and seedling of spathiphyllum and to establish the hybrid population, 24 cross combinations among 13 spathiphyllum species or cultivars were tested in the experiment. Normal fruits and seeds were obtained successfully from 9 pollination combinations and of S. floribundum with open pollination. The seedling populations were developed from these seeds. The fruit setting rates of different hybrid combinations were 15.8-100% with 50-108 days from pollination to fruit ripening. The number of seeds in each berry fruit was 1 to 10.5 for successful hybridization combinations. The seeds from different combination showed special size, color and morphology with germination rate from 0.63% to 84.67%, and the normal seedling rate from 0.63% to 72.63%. These results showed that hybrid population could be obtained from the combinations between cuhivars but difficult from the combinations between species due to low rate of fruit and normally developed seeds. 17.73% and 16.1% yellowish seedlings were found in the progeny population of two combinations ＇Tyler Green＇ × SPA010 and＇Bright＇× SPA010.