康德论美的双重特性

Kant on the Twofold Logical Peculiarity of Beauty

与认识和道德不同,康德认为美具有一种双重的逻辑特性:"好像主观性"和"好像客观性"。一方面美以个人的情感而非概念为基础,不能通过经验归纳或理性演绎而得到证明,因而好像是主观的;另一方面,美同经验判断一样要求人们的普遍同意,好像又是客观的。美的本质体现在主客体之间的这种关系,既不是纯然主观的,也不是客观的,任何将美还原为单纯主观性或客观性的观点都是对康德美学的误读。康德美学的独特性就在于这两种看似矛盾的特性在审美判断中可以共存。

In contrast with cognitive and moral judgments,Kant holds that the beauty has a twofold logical peculiarity,namely 'as if subjectivity' and 'as if objectivity'.On one hand,grounded on one's own feeling rather than any concept,the judgment of taste cannot be confirmed or disconfirmed through empirical induction or rational deduction,just as if it were subjective.On the other hand,like empirical judgments,the beauty requires the assent of everyone,as if it were objective.The beauty is therefore neither purely subjective nor objective,and is best to be described as relation of object to the subject.In this context,the view that reduces the beauty to mere subjectivity or objectivity is obviously a misunderstanding of Kant's intentions.It is characteristic of Kant's aesthetics that the twofold seeming paradoxical peculiarity can coexist in a single judgment of taste.