海南发射场闪电特征分析

Analysis of Lightning Characteristics in Hainan Launch Site

针对海南发射场气象保障的重点问题——闪电防护,利用1963—2013年海南省文昌市的闪电资料,采用克里金拟合方法统计海南发射场的闪电气候特征,包括年度变化特征、季节变化特征和对地雷击密度;进而对比两套闪电定位系统的实况数据,将资料格网化以分析对发射影响明显的云地闪的空间分布、频次变化和日变化特征。研究表明,海南发射场位于海南省北部较强闪电区域内,其中4—10月为闪电高发期;05—06时和14—18时为闪电的高峰期,而7—11时和19—23时则为闪电发生的低谷期;场区所探测到的闪电有79%的雷击电流强度小于40 k A,5.9%的雷击电流强度大于60 k A。研究结果为海南发射场的建筑施工、设备维护以及航天器的防雷设计等提供了指标依据,对航天器发射窗口选择具有参考价值。

Lightning warning is an important issue of meteorological support at the Hainan launch site.The climatological characteristics of lightning, including the annual variation, seasonal varia-tion and ground lightning strike of thunders density at Wenchang launch site, were investigated with the Kriging fit method and the Wenchang thunder dataset for the period 1963-2013.Moreover, two observational datasets of lightning location system were further compared.At last, the impact of the spatial distribution, frequency, and diurnal variation of cloud-ground lightning on the launch were investigated by the data grid technology.Our results showed that Wenchang launching site is located to the north of Hainan, where the thunders are easy to occur.During the monthly time scale, most of thunders occur from April to October.During the daily time scale, more thunders occur from 5 a.m.to 6 a.m.and from 14 p.m.to 18 p.m.; however, less thunders occur from 7 a.m.to 11 a.m.in the morning and from 19 p.m.to 23 p.m.in the evening.Among all the lightning in the launch site, 79%have the current intensity weaker than 40 kA and 5.9%stronger than 60 kA. The results may serve as a reference for the choice of the launch window.