生态位视角下长三角文化旅游创意产业竞争力评价模型构建及实证

Competitiveness Evaluation Model and Empirical Research of Cultural Tourism Creative Industry in Yangtze River Delta Based on Ecological Niche

通过分析影响文化旅游创意产业竞争力的因素,建立基于生态位视角的波特钻石模型,构建由生产要素、需求条件、相关产业和支持产业以及企业四个维度19个变量的文化旅游创意产业竞争力评价指标体系。以长三角地区为例,分析长三角16个城市的文化旅游创意产业生态位大小,运用聚类谱系图将16个城市文化旅游创意产业竞争力分为六个梯度等级,并对每个梯度中城市的文化旅游创意产业竞争力进行分析。结果表明,生态位理论可以反映各个城市文化旅游创意产业竞争力大小,16个城巿中,上海、杭州、南京、苏州的文化旅游创意产业综合生态位居区域前列,在市场竞争中处于有利地位,而舟山、湖州、泰州居区域末三位,在巿场竞争中处于弱势地位,并提出相应的竞争策略。前三个等级的文化旅游创意产业发展的竞争力强,这些城市应采取生态位扩充或协同发展的方式以获得更优的竞争力,实现与周边城市的联动效应和区域整体效益最大化。而后三个等级的文化旅游创意产业发展的竞争力相对较弱,应实行生态位错分,实现差异化发展。

The development of cultural tourism creative industries is an effective way to optimize industrial structure and upgrade consumerlevel. The factors which affect the competitiveness of cultural tourism creative industries were analyzed based on ecological niche theory to build the competitive evaluation index system of cultural tourism creative industries which include of 19 variables, 4 dimensions that production factors, demand conditions, related industries and supporting industries, businesses. The ecological niche size of cultural tourism creative industries were analyzed by taking the Yangtze River Delta area as an example, and clustering pedigree chart was applied and the urban cultural tourism creative industries competitiveness was classified into six categories. The results showed that the theory of ecological niche can reflect all city culture tourism creative industry competitiveness size. Among 16 cities, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou cultural tourism creative industry ranked the forefront of integrated ecological region, in a favorable position in the market competition, and Zhoushan, Huzhou, Taizhou at the end of the three, in a weak position in the market competition. Based on different competitiveness degree, the proposed appropriate competitive strategies for each classification were put forward. The first three grades of tourism culture and creative industries with strong competitiveness, these cities should take the ecological niche expansion or cooperative development mode to obtain better competitiveness, and realize the maximization and the surrounding city linkage effect and the overall regional benefit. The latter three grades of tourism culture and creative industries development of relatively weak competitiveness should carry out the ecological dislocation, achieve the development of differentiation.