突变观与渐变观的较量——《新青年》的进化论思想实践及历史影响

The Conflict between Mutationism and Gradualism——The Practice of the Evolutionary Thought of NEW YOUTH and Its Historical Impact

在进化论思想已经获得广泛传播的条件下,《新青年》转向了进化论思想的实践,推动反封建的思想革命。在重大历史转折关头,新青年一派坚持进化论思想中以渐变为前提的突变观念。这表现为他们观念中的新旧思想对立和中西文化发展水平的时代差异,并试图以西方文明来革新中国传统文化。进化论思想中的渐变和突变观念,分别给激进主义和保守主义提供了思想工具。在实践中存在一种时机错位的现象,即特定时期的思想论争,其思维模式在事过境迁后它的应有有效性会发生逆转,好像历史又回到了原来的起点上;但激进或保守的历史作用,最终要接受历史的裁定。

In consonance with the evolutionary thought that had been widely disseminated,the NEW YOUTH turned to its practice and instigated a revolution of anti-feudal ideology.In this major historical turning point,the NEW YOUTH associates adhered to the ideology of mutationism on the premise of gradualism in evolutionary thought.It was exemplified by the opposition of new and old thoughts,as well as by the differences in the level of development during certain periods of Chinese and Western culture,and the fact that they were attempting to innovate traditional Chinese culture through the influence of western civilization.The ideology of mutationism and gradualism in evolutionism provided a discourse for both radicalism and conservatism.However,the legitimacy and validity of thought during certain periods can be reversed when time has passed and the circumstances have changed,as history has come full circle.The final judgment of its historical role in radicalism or conservatism should be assigned to history.