论多义词义项的设立

On the Institution of Polysemous Senses in Dictionaries

多义词作为语文辞书中数量最多、最难处理的语言单位,如何设置和编排一直困扰着编纂者们。针对不同辞书,需要设立哪些义项,它们以怎样的方式呈现,都缺乏较为客观科学的标准和行之有效的操作规程。文章分析辞书设立义项的前提、展现义项设立的形式、制订不同类型义项归并的标准,以期为今后辞书的编修提供一定的参考。

Polysemous words are the largest in number in generous-purpose dictionaries and the most difficult items for lexicographers to handle. How to arrange their senses scientifically is a question that perplexes dictionary makers. Few scientific standards and effective measures have been put forward about which senses need to be presented in dictionaries and how to present them. This paper probes into the basis for sense institution in dictionaries,forms of sense presentation,and standards of sense incorporation,with a view to offering some reference for future dictionary making.