“自治是生活底方法”:民国时期大学学生自治生活图景考论

“Autonomy is the End-of-Life Approach”:Autonomy of University Students in the Republican Period of China

学生自治是民国时期大学学生生活的重要组成部分,它包含学生自治会,院(科)自治会和级会三种类型。民国时期大学生自治是中国书院教育传统与现代西方大学制度融合与借鉴的结果。作为大学校园文化的重要表现形态,学生自治具有鲜明的德育导向功能和潜移默化的自我教育功能。师生合作基础上的学生自治已然成为大学校园文化建设的优良传统。学生自治之本质在于养成学生健全人格。培养适应参与宪法政治生活和公民社会发展所必需的理想公民,既是大学推广学生自治生活的根本着眼点,也是现代大学教育的基本目标和通识教育的重要内涵。民主和法治是学生自治所蕴含的两大核心价值观。学生自治在塑造大学形态与培育校园文化生活的同时,也积极引领现代公民社会的渐进成长与理性发展。

Student government was an important part of college campus life in the Republican period of China. It consisted primarily of three basic types, university-, college-, and class-level student council. Student autonomy at that time resulted from an integration of Chinese academies of education and modern Western universities. College campus culture was an effective means of university training mode innovation. As an important manifestation of campus culture, student government had the distinct fea- ture of a moral guide and the subtle function of self education. Student autonomy on the basis of student-faculty cooperation had become part of the tradition of university campus culture. The essence of student government was to shape sound personality. Training ideal citizens who could actively partic- ipate in public and political life and adapt to and lead the development of modern society, was the funda- mental focus of university student government, the basic goal of modern university education, and the important meaning of general education. Democracy and the rule of law were two core values inherent in student autonomy. Student government, while shaping the form and campus culture of a university, ac- tively promoted the progressive growth and rational development of modern civil society.