金砖四国在全球价值链中的参与模式和经济利益的比较分析

Participation Mode and Economic Benefit of the BRIC Countries in the Global Value Chain

全球价值链已经成为当代国际分工和国际贸易的显著特征。20世纪90年代以后,金砖四国参与全球价值链的程度在日益加深。金砖四国在全球价值链中选择了不同的前后向价值链参与特征、行业参与结构模式和行业技术层级参与模式,但是金砖四国却都获得了贸易收入的倍增效应、经济增长促进效应、就业促进效应、产业成长促进效应。金砖四国的经验表明,参与全球价值链没有最优模式,只要发挥本国比较优势,都能够从中获利。但当前金砖四国在全球价值链中还处于初级发展阶段,提升在全球价值链中的贸易利益,规避风险,是金转四国今后主要的发展导向和政策重点。

Global value chain （GVC） has become a remarkable feature in the contemporary international division of labor and international trade. Since 1990s, the BRIC countries have been participating in the GVC deeply. Although they chose greatly different modes to join the GVC, ranging from the backward or foreword value chains to four different industry models and different technology levels of industries embedded in the GVC, they have acquired multiplier trade incomes, and a higher growth of economy, employment and industry. The BRIC＇ experience has shown that there is no optimal participation mode in the GVC. As long as one country plays its full comparative advantage, it will profit from it. Considering that they are still in the early stage of development in the GVC, their development direction and emphasis of policy in the future should be designed to enhance trade interests in the global value chain and to avoid risks.