植物次生代谢物烟碱对马铃薯块茎蛾生长发育的影响

Effects of Plant Allelochemicals Nicotine on Growth and Development Phase of Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller)

以一种重要的检疫性害虫马铃薯块茎蛾Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller)为研究对象,连续5代用含有植物次生代谢物烟碱(Nicotine)的人工饲料分别饲养二龄和三龄幼虫,饲养至羽化时分别测定烟碱对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫体重、发育历期和蛹重的影响。结果表明,烟碱处理后,幼虫发育延缓,显著抑制幼虫体重的增长。连续饲养5代,与对照相比,烟碱处理对二龄和三龄幼虫体重的抑制率分别从45%降至20%、32%降至17%;烟碱显著抑制马铃薯块茎蛾的蛹重,连续饲养5代后,与对照相比,烟碱处理二龄和三龄幼虫的蛹重抑制率分别从25%降至4%、28%降至5%;烟碱处理会延迟幼虫的生长发育,使得世代历期延长;而且烟碱对低龄幼虫的抑制作用更加明显。随着继代代数的增加,烟碱对幼虫体重和蛹重的抑制作用减小,幼虫发育期缩短,马铃薯块茎蛾世代历期缩短。本研究说明植物次生代谢物烟碱能够影响马铃薯块茎蛾的生长发育,经过一定世代后,马铃薯块茎蛾可以通过自身调节,逐渐提高对烟碱有毒物质的适应能力,逐步缓解有毒物质的抑制作用。

Phthorimaea operculella is an important quarantine pest. In this research, the effects of nicotine on the larval weight, pupa weight, and larval development duration of P. opercullella were evaluated after continuous feeding with artificial diets containing plant allelochemicais nicotine from the second and third instars for five generations. The result, showed that larval development was delayed and the growth of lar- val was significantly inhibited after nicotine treatment. Compared to the control, the inhibition rates of larval weight and pupal weight de- clined fiom 45 % to 20 % and 25 % to 4 %, 32 % to 17 % and 28 % to 5 % after the 2nd instars and 3rd instars feeding with nicotine for five generations. Nicotine could delay the larval growth and development of P. operculella and showed more inhibited effect on the youn- ger larvae. With increasing of generations, inhibition of nicotine was reduced to larval weight and pupal weight, and larval development peri- od and the pest whole development period were shortened. This study showed that plant ailelochemicats could affect the growth and development of the P. operculella, but P. operculella could realize self-regulation after a few generations by gradually increasing the adaptability of nicotine texic substances and alleviating inhibition of toxic substances as well.