云南红大产区不同质地典型土壤对烟叶质量的影响

Effects of Different Typical Soil Textures on Quality of Tobacco Leaves

通过田间试验研究不同质地典型土壤(砂土、砂壤土、胶泥土),在相同气候条件下对烟叶生长发育、烤后烟叶物理性状、化学成分、色素含量、感官质量等的影响。结果表明,砂壤土的烟株生长发育较好,适时成熟落黄,烤后烟叶质量较好,物理性状适中,化学成分协调,色素降解充分,感官质量较好;砂土地的烟株前期生长较旺,中后期生长代谢缓慢,营养过度消耗,烤后烟叶叶片大小、单叶重、叶质重较小,含氮化合物含量较低,糖类较高,色素含量较低,上部叶感官质量较好,中部叶欠佳;胶泥土地的叶片大小、单叶重、叶质重较大,大分子物质含量较高,含氮化合物含量较高,糖类较低,色素残留量较高,中部叶感官质量较好,上部叶欠佳。砂壤土有利于优质烟叶质量的形成。因此,通过采取合理措施改良砂土、胶泥土,使其趋于砂壤土的物理特性,更有利于生产优质烟叶。

Through field experiment with the same climate, effects of different typical soil textures （ sandy loam, sandy and clay soil） on growth of wbacco leaf, and physical properties, chemical composition, pigment content end sensory quality of cured tobacco leaf were stud- led. Results showed that tobacco firm sandy loam soil grew well, owned timely yellowing end maturity, good quality, moderate physical properties, coordinating chemical composition, full degradation of pigments end good sensory quality after curing. For sandy soil, tobacco grew excessively during the early stage end had slow growth and metabolism in the middle-late stase, nutrition consumed excessively, and cured tobacco had small leaf size, simple leaf heavy end leaf weight of unit leaf area, low nitrogen compounds and pigment content, high sugar content, good sensory quality of upper leaves and bad middle leaves. While tobacco samples, produced in clay soil, had large leaf size, simple leaf heavy end leaf weight of unit leaf area, high content of macromolecular substances, nitrogen compounds end pigment resi- dues, good sensory quality of middle leaves and bad upper leaves. To conclude, sandy loam soil did good to high-quality tobacco. Therefore, reasonable measurea taken to better sandy and clay soil, which made their physical properties similar to sandy loam＇ s , were beneficial to produce high-quality tobacco.