中华鳖脾肾性水肿病病理学诊断

Histopathological diagnosis on spleen-and-kidney-induced edema of Pelodiscus sinensis

为探究中华鳖水肿病发病机制和发病规律,确定该病临床诊断标准,实验从若干自然发病的疑似中华鳖脾肾性水肿病的病鳖中,选取7只具有典型临床症状的病鳖,解剖并对内脏器官组织制作石蜡切片、H.E.染色后观察。结果表明:病鳖体表无病伤,不吃食,水肿症状表现不同,两只病鳖生殖器外露,全部病鳖口咽腔充血和炎症明显、黏液较少,时有口鼻出血,肝脏淤血,胃肠壁水肿和充血。病鳖脾组织髓质部红细胞数量大增和淋巴细胞聚集,并出现弥漫性坏死区域,嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,以此作出脾性水肿的病理诊断。病鳖的肾组织间质和肾小球充血,嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,远曲小管和近曲小管颗粒变性、空泡变性,肾小球坏死,近曲小管细胞坏死,以此作出肾性水肿的病理诊断。口咽腔绒毛黏膜血管扩张、充血,口腔黏膜上皮杯状细胞紧密分布,黏膜下层淋巴细胞增多,黏膜毛细血管破裂,有大量血细胞渗出,部分黏膜上皮脱落,绒毛间渗出大量坏死红细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。可以诊断口咽腔组织病理变化与该病关系密切。其他组织病变不严重。研究结果还表明中华鳖没有类似高等动物的唾液腺和腮腺,对中华鳖肿脖子病、腮(鳃)腺炎的命名提出异议,应该停止使用。

To explore the pathogenesis and pathogenesis regularity of edema disease and determine the clinical diagnosis of the disease,7 soft-shelled turtles with typical clinical symptoms were chosen as subjects,which were selected from some suspected cases with ＂Pelodiscus sinensis spleen-and-kidney-induced edema＂in Hangzhou and Haiyan County. The study went through by clinical anatomy and making paraffin section,using H. E. staining. At the part of vivisection,the cases were intact at surface but with anorexia,less activity and edema in neck and limbs with varying degrees. Genitals of 2 cases prolapsed. Oropharyngeal cavity was found with congestion,inflammation and less mucus. Symptoms of nasal and oral hemorrhage,liver congestion,gastrointestinal wall edema and hyperemia were found in some cases. The number of erythrocyte was increased,lymphocytic aggregated,eosinophil infiltration in spleen. Necrosis appeared in some area of spleen. Erythrocyte was congested with eosinophil infiltration in renal interstitial and glomerular. Granular degeneration and vacuolar degeneration happened in distal convoluted tubule and the proximal tubule,and seriously even necrosis. In a summary,a diagnosis of spleen-and-kidney-induced edema could be made in pathology. Artery in villus of oropharyngeal cavity was expanded and congested.Erythrocyte exuded into oropharyngeal cavity and even serious necrosis. Goblet cells closely packed in the epithelial of oropharyngeal cavity. The number of lymphocyte increased and eosinophil infiltrated in submucosa of oropharyngeal cavity. It can be seen that oropharyngeal cavity pathological changes were closely associated with the disease. Pathological changes of other tissues are not serious. The results also show that there is no gland like salivary gland or parotid in soft-shelled turtle. The disease name ＂sw ollen neck disease＂and＂mumps＂should be abolished.