某部2012年度入伍新兵军事训练伤流行病学特征

Epidemiologic Features of Military Training-related Injuries in Recruits during Basic Training Period in 2012

目的探讨新兵军事训练伤病种构成和发生特点,为预防干预提供科学依据。方法对某部2012年入伍新兵军事训练伤的发生情况进行问卷调查,分析训练阶段军事训练伤的发生率、伤病种类、受伤部位构成、发生时间、致伤科目及致伤因素等。结果某部2565名新兵共发生军事训练伤196例,总发生率为7.64%。居前5位的军事训练伤种类依次为应力性骨折、关节扭伤、腱炎及腱鞘炎、挫伤、腰肌劳损与急性腰扭伤;主要受伤部位依次为腿部、足部、腰部和上肢;入伍训练第3周病例逐渐增多,第11周达到高峰;前5位致伤科目分别为3 km跑、折返跑、100 m跑、体能训练和队列训练;主要致伤因素分别为身体素质差或训练强度过大、热身或放松不充分、场地过硬或不平整、心理压力过大、未掌握防护知识等。结论在新兵入伍训练中,应将跑步训练科目、应力性骨折等作为军事训练伤防治的关键环节,要开展科学化军事训练和训练伤的系统防控。

Objective To investigate the structure and features of the military training-related injuries in recruits during basic training period,and to provide scientific measures for prevention and intervention. Methods The incidence rate of military training-related injuries in recruits during basic training period in 2012 was investigated using questionnaires,and the incidence rate,categories,positions,times,vulnerate training subjects and injury-causing factors were also analyzed. Results A total of 196 recruits among 2565 male recruits suffered military training-related injures during basic training period,and the total incidence rate of injures was 7. 64%. The top 5 categories of injures were stress fractures,joint sprain,tendonitis and tenosynovitis,contusion,lumbar muscle strain and acute lumbar muscle sprain,and the main injury positions were legs,feet,waist and upper extremity in turn. The numbers of recruits with military training-related injuries began to increase from the 3rdweek of training,and the peak number was recorded in the 11 thweek of training. The top 5 subjects of vulnerate training were 3000-metre-run,shuttle run,100-metre-run,physical training and formation drill training. The main injury-causing factors were poor physical fitness or over-training,inadequate warmingup or relaxation exercise,over-hard or irregular ground,too much mental stress,lack of knowledge of protection and so on. Conclusion Running training and stress fractures are the key points of protecting military training-related injuries in recruits during basic training period,and scientific training and systematical prevention methods should be implemented.