基于GIS的山地城镇后备建设用地潜力及空间分布——以广东省兴宁市为例

Potential and Spatial Distribution of Reserved Construction Land in Mountainous Town Based on the GIS——A case study of Xingning City, Guangdong Province

在土地利用方式和经济发展阶段转型时期,后备建设用地潜力评价及其空间分布特征是指导区域土地资源合理利用、有序开发建设的重要基础和依据。基于Arc GIS空间分析技术,从自然条件、社会经济和生态保护三个层面建立指标体系,划分各指标因子的限制等级,利用多因素加权评价法测算后备适宜建设用地规模。利用K-均值聚类法,将后备适宜用地划分为较丰富区、一般优势区和较缺乏区3类,结合优先等级区及经济社会发展情况提出土地利用功能分区和未来建设发展方向。兴宁市后备适宜建设用地规模134.31km2,占区域土地总量的6.47%,主要聚集在中南部的宁江盆地、交通沿线和圩镇周边区域,其中优势集中区为水口、叶塘镇,为产业经济集聚区,次优势区主要分布在福兴、宁新等中心城区南部区域,是未来人口、城镇和产业布局的主要集中地,而兴田街作为主城区土地开发利用程度趋于饱和,属于后备用地较为缺乏区,其今后土地利用方向应以存量整治为主。

In the transition period of land utilization and economic growth, study on potential evaluation and spatial distribution of reserved construction land is an important basis and foundation work in the guidance of the regional land use reasonably and orderly. Based on the spatial analysis technology of ArcGIS, a three aspects index system of evaluation was established which including the natural conditions, social economy and ecological protection. With grading the restriction level of all the index factors, multi-factor comprehensive model was used to calculate the scale of potential suitable construction land. Using K- means clustering method, the potential suitable construction land was di- vided into three groups： the rich region, the general advantage area and the lacking district. The function zoning of land utiliza- tion and the future development direction were put forward com- bined with the conditions of priority areas and the economic and social development. The results showed that the area of the avail- able construction land is 134.31km^2, accounted for 6.47% of the region＇s total, which are mainly concentrated in the central and southern Ningjiang basin, as well as traffic trunk lines and towns surrounding. Among those, the dominant concentration are Shuikou and Ye Tang town where belong to the industrial economic gather- ing area. The second dominant areas are mainly located in the south of the city center area such as Fuxing, Ningxin town etc. that could be the main layout in future population, towns and in- dustrial. However, as the main city centre, the future direction of Xingtian Street which is classified in reserve land shortage area should be raising the efficiency of the stock of construction land.