毛泽东“民主手段论”辨析

On Mao Zedong's “Democratic Means Theory”

毛泽东《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾问题》一文中有关民主是手段不是目的的论述,被有的研究者冠之以"民主手段论",这实际上存在脱离语境、特定指称对象和历史背景之嫌。事实上,毛泽东《正处》一文的相关论述涵盖了民主与集中、民主与专政两个范畴。在马克思主义经典作家的论述中,关于作为目的的民主和作为手段的民主,除了理论上和逻辑上的辩证统一外,以建立无产阶级民主政权为界,也存在前后各有侧重的差异。建国后毛泽东侧重强调民主作为手段的一面,既有理论缘由,也有实践参考和特殊的现实关怀。

Mao Zedong＇s arguments that democracy is the means instead of objective in his article On the Correct Means to Handle the Contradictions Among the People are named ＂democratic means theory＂by some researchers,which actually arouses suspicion for absence of context,the specific alleged object and historical background. In fact,Mao＇s discussion in his essay mentioned above covers two categories——democracy vs. centralization and democracy vs. dictatorship. Except for the dialectical unification in theory and logic,the discourses of classical Marxist writer about democracy as means or democracy as objective had also some differences in time at the boundary of establishing proletarian democracy regime. Mao focuses on democracy as means after the founding of the nation,which not only has the theoretical basis but also the practical reference and the special reality concern.