宋元市语“氣老”“希老”命名理据考

On the Naming Argument for “Qilao”and “Xilao”in the Slang of the Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元以降市语中有＂~老＂系列词,用＂氣老＂指饭,＂希老＂指米。由于命名理据曲折晦涩,加之时过境迁,仍有需要训释词义或阐明理据。今拟从三个方面考察＂氣老＂＂希老＂的命名理据：从字形和字音考察语素＂氣＂和＂希＂,＂氣＂为＂餼＂的本字,二者在＂馈赠刍米＂义上实同一字。＂氣＂也就是＂餼＂,＂希＂＂稀＂均当是＂餼＂的记音字;从构词分析语素＂老＂,＂老＂的性质是名词后缀,去掉＂老＂后词义不变,＂老＂为无义的衬字;从＂氣老＂＂希老＂同样命名理据延伸出的相关系列跟饭米有关系的词语用＂气＂或＂希＂来命名,现代汉语方言还有佐证。

After the Song and Yuan dynasties,there was a group of words with suffix ＂lao＂in urban common saying.＂Qilao＂refers to steamed rice and ＂xilao＂refers to raw rice. Because its naming argument is complicated and obscure,and things have changed with the passing of time,it is still necessary to explain the meaning of words with suffix ＂lao＂and display the reasons. This paper examines the naming argument of ＂qilao＂and ＂xilao＂from three aspects. Examining ＂qi＂and ＂xi＂from the character form and pronounciation,it＇s found that ＂qi＂（ 氣） is the original character of ＂xi＂（ 餼） and that both words in the word phrase ＂to present each other with rice＂,both ＂qi＂and ＂xi＂are identical with each other. This paper points out that ＂qi＂（ 氣） equals ＂xi＂（ 餼）,and both ＂xi＂（ 希）and ＂xi＂（ 稀） are used as phonetic character of ＂xi＂（ 餼）. The nature of ＂lao＂is a noun suffix,the word meaning remains unchanged without it,and ＂lao＂is an inserted character without meaning. Some modern Chinese dialects prove that the words which develope from ＂qilao＂and ＂xilao＂by the same naming argument and words concerning steamed rice and raw rice are named by ＂qi＂or ＂xi＂.