番茄根区土壤线虫群落变化对生物炭输入的响应

Rsponse of Nematode Community in Tomato Rhizosphere Soil to Biochar Input

根结线虫属于线虫群落中的植食性线虫,它们寄生于作物根部,能引起植株根结线虫病,使得染病作物减产严重。生物炭作为一种土壤调理剂,对土壤理化及生物活性都有显著影响。土壤线虫群落结构变化及其作物效应对生物炭输入的响应可为全面评价生物炭的农业利用潜力提供依据。通过田间微区试验,将生物炭分别以0.0%(CK)、0.1%(BC1)、0.5%(BC5)和2.0%(BC20)的添加量(质量比)与土壤混合,以探讨生物炭输入对番茄根结线虫病与土壤线虫群落变化的影响。结果显示,(1)生物炭输入对番茄生长影响明显,BC1和BC5两种处理番茄生物量显著高于对照的2749.16 g·plant-1,分别增加14.97%与12.94%。而在BC20处理中番茄生物量则下降了13.75%。(2)生物炭对番茄作物根部根结数有一定的抑制作用。随着生物炭添加量的增加,番茄植株根结数逐渐降低。(3)土壤线虫群落丰度随着生物炭添加量增加显著上升,CK、BC1、BC5和BC20处理的线虫总数(以干土计)分别为1 490.0、1 657.8、2 100.2和2 300.2 ind.·kg-1。(4)生物炭对线虫群落结构影响明显,与CK相比,BC5与BC20处理的食植性线虫比例分别下降了33.4%与41.4%,且与对照处理差异显著。与此相反,食真菌类线虫比例则显著上升,增幅分别达到70.7%与95.5%。在较高生物炭添加量条件下,土壤线虫群落中食植性线虫比例的下降,应该是番茄根结数降低的原因之一。基于以上结果推测,在适当的添加量下,生物炭对番茄作物感染根结线虫病具有一定的抑制作用。

In recent years,in the interaction between soil nematodes community and its ecological changes and soil quality management were more and more attrctive Root knot nematodes belonged to plant-parasite nematodes,mainly parasitized in crop roots and lead to plant caught root-knot nematode disease,then the production of infected crop decreased seriously.Biochar had a significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity as a soil conditioner.It may provide a basic for evaluating the potential of biochar input for agricultural use through which changes of soil nematode community structure and the crop effects.In this paper,we investigated the effect of biochar input on the tomato root knot nematode disease and the change of soil nematode community through micro-area experiment in field,the biochar mixed with soil by mass ratio which were 0.0%（CK）,0.1%（BC1）,0.5%（BC5） and 2.0%（BC20） respectively.The results showed：（1） Tomato biomass changed significantly after biochar input,and tomato biomass in CK was 2 749.16 g·plant^-1,BC1 and BC5 two kinds of treatments tomato biomass were significantly 14.97% and 14.97% higher than CK,respectively,while in BC20 treaments,tomato biomass fell by 13.75%;（2） Biochar had a certain inhibitory effect on number of tomato root knot.Tomato root knot number gradually deceased as biochar addition increased;（3） Abundance of soil nematodes community increased significantly as biochar addition increased,nematodes number of 4 treatments were 1 490.0,1 657.8,2 100.2 and 2 300.2 ind.·kg^-1 in dry soil,respectively.And（4） biochar changed nematode community composition obviously,in BC5 and BC20 treatments,plant-parasite nematodes fell by 33.4% and 41.4%,significantly lower than CK,On the contrary,the ratio of fungivore significantly increased,the growth rate reached 70.7% and 95.5% respectively.Under the condition of higher biochar addition,the ratio of plant-parasite nematodes declined in soil nematode community,it should be one of the reasons for the number of tomato root knots declined.Biochar had certain inhibitory effect on tomato crop root knot disease in an appropriate addition.