植物修复重金属污染土壤的研究现状及其水肥调控技术展望

Research Status of Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil and Prospects of Water and Fertilizer Regulating Technology

构建生态文明建设和经济社会的可持续发展,重金属污染土壤的治理刻不容缓。文章在系统分析中国土壤重金属污染状况和植物修复重金属污染土壤的现状及存在的主要问题基础上,提出了水肥调控技术是现阶段解决植物修复重金属污染土壤过程中生物量较小和生长缓慢等问题的重要措施。综合考虑重金属污染土壤中主要污染物的实时动态变化过程和植物生长的特点及根区土壤微环境(水、肥、气、热和微生物)效应机制,分析了重金属污染土壤与植物生长和根区土壤微环境之间的互作效应关系。以水肥调控技术为手段,以提高植物的生物量为目标,制定有利于植物修复重金属污染土壤的最佳水肥调控利用模式。展望了基于水肥调控技术的植物修复重金属污染土壤的重要研究内容,分析了重金属污染土壤植物修复过程中的水肥调控技术研究的难点和创新点以及进一步研究的方向。

In order to build ecological civilization construction and sustainable development of the economy and society,and no delay for controlling of heavy metals contaminated soil.Based on a system analysis by the current situation of heavy metals contaminated soil and the major problems in phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil,this paper presents that water and fertilizer regulating technology is the important measure to solve the problems of small biomass and slow growth in the remediation process of heavy metals contaminated soil at this stage.Comprehensively considering the real-time dynamic process of major heavy metals pollution in soil and the characteristics of plant growth,as well as the effects of soil micro-environment（water,fertilizer,gas,heat and microbial） of root zone,analyzing the mutual relationships between them.With water and fertilizer regulating technology as the means,to improve plant biomass as the target,which has been made the best mode of water and fertilizer regulating technology for phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil.The paper also looks ahead five aspects on phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil based on water and fertilizer regulating technology and analyzes the difficulties,innovative points and further research direction of water and fertilizer regulating technology in the process of phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil.