英印政府的宪政改革及其影响

On British Government's Constitutional Reforms in India and its Influence

印度民族大起义后,英印政府逐步推进宪政改革,将现代民主制因素一步步移植到印度,因此,开启印度民主政治大门的首先是殖民统治这个外部因素。但印度民族运动的发展使民主制的实行变成了印度的内在要求,宪政改革的推动因素由外因变成了内因。英印政府的宪政改革以英国议会民主制为蓝本,以维护殖民统治为目的,在印度民族运动的压力下缓慢而被动地推进。英印政府的宪政改革对印度政治发展产生了双重影响:一方面为印度独立后走上议会民主制道路奠定了基础;另一方面,英印政府挑动教派矛盾、诱导土邦分立对印度产生了深远的负面影响。

After national uprisings in India,the British government in India gradually conducted constitutional reforms,which transplanted modern democratic elements into India step by step.So it was the external factors of colonial rule that first opened the door to Indian democratic politics.But the development of the Indian national movement turned democracy into Indian own desire.The driving factors of constitutional reforms changed from external ones into internal ones.The British government＇s constitutional reforms in India were based on British parliamentary democracy in order to serve the purpose of maintaining colonial rule.Constitutional reforms progressed slowly and passively under the pressure of the Indian national movement.British government＇s constitutional reforms in India produced double influences on Indian political development.On the one hand they paved the way for parliamentary democracy after the Indian independence.On the other hand British government in Indian stirred up sectarian conflicts and induced state division,which produced negative consequence on India.