对《对一般预防的否定论证》之否定论证——兼与李卫红教授商榷

A Negative Comment on Negative Argumentation about General Prevention——Also A Discussion with Professor Li-weihong

李卫红老师在《对一般预防的否定论证》中,从价值、人性、认识和现象四个角度否定了刑罚的一般预防目的,体现了其对人的价值的尊重的人道主义情怀,值得肯定。但是其对刑罚适用的效果、人性的善恶以及人类认识的悲观态度值得商榷。因为刑罚追求一般预防的目的并不违反人道主义,相反,它是人道主义所要求的;人性的善恶虽然得不到证实或者证伪,但并不能以此否定一般预防,因为相对于人性的善恶,一个人的性格与法律的关系更为密切,而法律对于塑造人的性格显然是有影响的。认识的对象并不局限于经验,我们完全可以掌握客观规律。因此,一般预防并非无的放矢,它能够预防绝大部分犯罪,因此其与犯罪的不可避免性、价值相对性、犯罪控制的有限性等特征并不冲突。

In Negative Argumentation about General Prevention, Li Weihong denied the general prevention purposes of penalty from the perspective of value, humanity, cognition and phenomenon, reflecting humanitarian passion of respect on personal value. But we also need to conduct some discussions about her pessimistic attitude towards effect of criminal law application, virtue and vice of human nature as well as human cognition. Because the purpose of general prevention of penalty does not go against humanism. On the contrary, it is required by humanism. Although the virtue or vice of human nature cannot be proved or falsified, we still cannot deny general prevention for a person＇ s personality is more closely connected with laws and compared with virtue and vice of human nature and laws play an important role in affecting persons＇ personalities. We should not rely on experience to know something, we can grasp objective law in a comprehensive way. Therefore, in terms of general prevention, it is not a kind of shooting at random. It can prevent the vast majority of crimes. Therefore, it can get along well with inevitability of crimes, relativity of value and finiteness of crime prevention.