1990—2000年美国增加临时技术劳工的原因分析

An Analysis of Rapid Increase in Temporary Professional Workers in the U.S.in the 1990s

在20世纪90年代,美国政府审时度势,频频扩充吸引外籍临时技术劳工的计划,入境劳工与日俱增,并在2000年后超过每年入境的永久移民。这种变化源于美国信息技术的发展和相关劳工的短缺。由于国会开启的旨在追加技术移民的政策改革,因各方分歧甚大而无果而终。各项临时劳工计划的局限性和美国就业市场临时劳工就业形式的暴涨,都使H-1B计划成为最佳的改革选项。

During the 1990s,U. S. government frequently enacted legislations to increase temporary professional workers and their numbers surpassed that of immigrants every year since 2000. These changes were due to rapid development in information technology which resulted in serious shortage of professional workers. Immigration reform, as one of the initiatives,ended up in failure because of differences among each interest group. The limitation of various temporary programs,rise of temporary employment in the U. S. labor market and the practices of H-1B for decades, all worked together to make the H-1B become the only choice for policy reform.