乾隆朝紫光阁赐宴图研究

On The Illustrated Imperial Banquets Held at Zǐguānggé Pavilion in Qianlong's Regime

紫光阁为明清皇帝观骑射、试武举的场所,乾隆朝两度改建,将其改为收藏武功勋臣肖像与展示战功的建筑,强化了紫光阁弘扬清帝国尚武精神的特点,体现了乾隆皇帝好大喜功。本文以乾隆朝的四幅紫光阁赐宴纪实画为研究材料,结合文字史料,运用分析和比较研究方法,探讨赐宴图的绘制背景、目的与史料价值。乾隆皇帝以紫光阁为赐宴外藩使臣与燕劳将士的筵宴地点,藉由筵席制度、乐舞冰嬉的象征意义,达到武力威慑与怀柔的目的 ;并制图宣告战勋,表彰乾隆皇帝的伟绩。

Zǐguānggé Pavilion used to be where the emperors watched soldiers riding and shooting, the imperial examinations that selected the military talent candidates were held during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The twice reconstruction of the pavilion in the period of Emperor Qianlong made it a gallery collecting the portraits of meritorious officials and copperplate engravings of victorious battles. Emperor Qianlong( 乾 隆) had the banquets portrayed and made into copperplate engravings to bestow upon the officials and envoys to flaunt the power of the empire. Zǐguānggé Pavilion was regarded as a symbol of imperial martial spirit and prosperity, which not only conveyed Emperor Qianlong's craving for greatness and success but also reinforced the political meaning by the serial practices.This study centered on four paintings of the imperial banquets at Zǐguānggé Pavilion and historical texts, trying to elaborate their background, purpose and historical value.