石墨烯/炭气凝胶的制备及其结构与性能研究

Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Graphene/Carbon Aerogels

以间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为炭前驱体原料,通过溶胶–凝胶法制备石墨烯/炭气凝胶复合材料。采用XRD、Raman、SEM和N2吸附/脱附等对样品进行结构表征。结果表明:石墨烯为R和F的聚合提供形核场所,R和F首先在氧化石墨烯(GO)表面聚合,随着RF含量的增加,复合炭气凝胶(RF)结构从石墨烯薄片层为骨架的三维网络,经RF基炭球包裹于石墨烯的网络结构,最终转变为球形团簇交联的三维网络。石墨烯/炭气凝胶复合材料的比表面积随着RF的增加先增大后减小。当GO与RF质量比为1︰100时,GO/RF-100用作超级电容器电极材料,在6 mol/L KOH电解液中的比电容达169 F/g,具有较好的电容特性。

Graphene/carbon aerogels （RF） were preparedvia a Sol-Gel process in graphene oxide （GO） solution using resorcinol （R） and formaldehyde （F） as carbon precursor. The structure, morphology and pore-size distribution of the samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spectrum, SEM and N2 adsorption desorption method. The results indicate that graphene can act as nucleation and growth sites for carbon aerogels. At low mass loading level of RF, a macroporous structure is formed, and the structure of carbon aerogels originates from sheet-structure of GO precursor. With increasing the mass of RF, RF carbon aerogel results in dispersed and thickened carbon platelets. At high mass loading levels, carbon spheres are obtained. Meanwhile, with increasing the mass of RF, the specific surface area of the aerogel increases firstly and then decreases, reaching the maximum value of 841 m^2/g whenw（GO）/w（RF）=1︰50. Electrochemical measurements show that GO/RF-100 has the highest specific capacitance of 169 F/g in 6 mol/L KOH aqueous electrolytes.