黑木耳复合群中种类学名说明

Notes on the nomenclature of the Auricularia auricula‐judae complex

黑木耳在我国已经有1 000多年栽培历史,是我国最重要的栽培真菌之一,多年来我国黑木耳的学名一直使用模式产地为欧洲的Auricularia auricula-judae。最近的研究表明A.auricula-judae实际为一复合种,该复合种在全球范围内有5个种。其中A.auricula-judae仅分布于欧洲;美洲有2个种,生长在针叶树上的美洲木耳A.americana和生长在阔叶树上的尚未命名的木耳。中国该类群有3个种:自然分布和栽培最广泛的黑木耳的学名应为A.heimuer,此外,短毛木耳A.villosula在我国东北也广泛分布,并有少量栽培,生长针叶树上的木耳为美洲木耳A.americana,主要分布于中国东北和华北。

＂Heimuer＂ is one of the most important fungi in China, and it has been cultivated and used as food in the country for more than 1 000 years. Auricularia auricula-judae or Auricularia auricula has been applied for its scientific name for more than 120 years. However, recent molecular studies showed that A. auricula-judae is a species complex, and five species have been found in the complex all over the world. A. auricula-judae has a distribution in Europe only, and grows on angiosperms. Two species are found in North America： A. americana grows on gymnosperms and an undescribed species on angiosperms, Three species are found in China： A. heimuer is a commonly cultivated species growing on angiosperms especially on Quercus, with a wide distribution in most parts of China; A. villosula has been cultivated on a small scale, growing on angiosperms with a wide distribution in northeast China; A. americana has not been cultivated, growing on gymnosperms in northeast and northern China