热应激对奶牛血液中胰岛素、脂肪因子、AMP激活蛋白激酶和热休克信号分子的影响（英文）

Effects of heat stress on serum insulin, adipokines, AMP-activated protein kinase, and heat shock signal molecules in dairy cows

目的:比较热应激和非热应激状态下,奶牛血液中胰岛素、脂肪因子(瘦素和脂联素)、AMP激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)和热休克信号分子的变化,探索奶牛对热应激的代谢响应。同时,通过比较不同程度热应激,寻找稳定生物标记物评估奶牛热应激。创新点:研究了热应激对奶牛血液中脂肪因子和AMPK的影响,验证了热应激条件下,脂联素和AMPK的关联性。科学假设了热休克信号分子作为生物标记物的可能性,通过比较不同程度热应激,得到了对热应激敏感性高的信号分子。方法:通过牛属专一性的酶联免疫吸附试剂盒,快速检测奶牛血液中目标物的含量。结论:热应激对奶牛胰岛素和瘦素的分泌无直接影响。然而,热应激导致干物质采食量降低,在相同的干物质采食量基础上,热应激提高了胰岛素和瘦素浓度。热应激导致脂联素和AMPK升高;脂联素和AMPK的协同作用是奶牛机体调节,适应热应激的重要途径。同时,建议将血液中的热休克转录因子(HSF)和热休克蛋白70(HSP70)作为生物标记物评估热应激,通过监测它们含量的变化预防热应激。

Heat stress affects feed intake, milk production, and endocrine status in dairy cows. The temperaturehumidity index（THI） is employed as an index to evaluate the degree of heat stress in dairy cows. However, it is difficult to ascertain whether THI is the most appropriate measurement of heat stress in dairy cows. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on serum insulin, adipokines（leptin and adiponectin）, AMP-activated protein kinase（AMPK）, and heat shock signal molecules（heat shock transcription factor（HSF） and heat shock proteins（HSP）） in dairy cows and to research biomarkers to be used for better understanding the meaning of THI as a bioclimatic index. To achieve these objectives, two experiments were performed. The first experiment： eighteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were used. The treatments were： heat stress（HS, THI average=81.7, n=9） and cooling（CL, THI average=53.4, n=9）. Samples of HS were obtained on August 16, 2013, and samples of CL were collected on April 7, 2014 in natural conditions. The second experiment： HS treatment cows（n=9） from the first experiment were fed for 8 weeks from August 16, 2013 to October 12, 2013. Samples for moderate heat stress, mild heat stress, and no heat stress were obtained, respectively, according to the physical alterations of the THI. Results showed that heat stress significantly increased the serum adiponectin, AMPK, HSF, HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90（P〈0.05）. Adiponectin is strongly associated with AMPK. The increases of adiponectin and AMPK may be one of the mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in heat-stressed dairy cows. When heat stress treatment lasted 8 weeks, a higher expression of HSF and HSP70 was observed under moderate heat stress. Serum HSF and HSP70 are sensitive and accurate in heat stress and they could be potential indicators of animal response to heat stress. We recommend serum HSF and HSP70 as meaningful biomarkers to supplement the THI and evaluate moderate heat stress in dairy cows in the future.