黔产毛蒟提取物的制备及其化学成分的定性分析

Analysis of Piper puberulum(Benth.) Maxim. extracts preparation and the preliminary qualitative chemical composition

目的考察黔产毛蒟提取物制备的最佳工艺,定性分析各提取物的化学成分。方法采用溶剂回流加热法进行提取。在单因素试验的基础上,以提取次数、提取时间、料液比和浸泡时间为因素安排L9(34)正交试验,以提取率为指标,优选黔产毛蒟提取的最佳工艺;经D-101大孔吸附树脂分离,得到黔产毛蒟水洗脱液、醇洗脱液;采用理化分析方法对黔产毛蒟提取物进行初步定性分析。结果提取最佳工艺为:提取时间为2 h,提取次数为3次,料液比为1∶30,浸泡时间为2 h;经过初步定性反应确认总提取物含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、生物碱、甾体或三萜类、黄酮、皂苷、多糖、还原糖及糖苷、香豆素及萜类内酯化合物、酚类和鞣质成分;水洗脱物含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、皂苷、多糖、还原糖及糖苷、香豆素及萜类内酯化合物;乙醇洗脱物含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、生物碱、甾体或三萜类、黄酮、多糖、还原糖及糖苷、酚类和鞣质成分。结论黔产毛蒟提取的最佳工艺提取率高、稳定可行。

Objective To investigate optimal extraction process of Piper puberulum （ Benth.） Maxim.and qualitative analyze the chemical component of the extracts.Methods Method of solvent heating reflux was used for extraction.On the basis of single factor experiment, L9 （3^4 ） orthogonal experiment was designed with the variants of extraction frequency, time, material-liquid ratio, and immersion time.Extraction rate as index, extraction processes were optimized to achieve best extraction.The extracts, including total extract, water elution, and ethanol elution, were physiochemically analysed to achieve an initial qualitative result.Results The optimal extraction process was： extractions 3 times for 2 hours, with an 1︰30 material -liquid ratio and 2 hours of immersion, Initial qualitative analyzed the total extracts containing amino acids, polypeptides, proteins, alkaloids, steroids or triterpenes, flavones, saponins, polysaccharides, reducing sugars or glucosides, cumarins, terpene lactones, phenols, and tannins.The water elution containing： amino acids, polypeptides, proteins, saponins, polysaccharides, reducing sugars or glucosides, cumarins, and terpene lactones.The ethanol elution containing： amino acids, polypeptides, proteins, alkaloids, steroids or triterpenes, flavones, polysaccharides, reducing sugars or glucosides, phenols, and tanins.Conclusion The experiments show that optimal extraction process can achieve high extraction yield, stable and practical.