电焊烟尘对接触工人健康危害的调查研究

Investigation on health status of welders

目的了解电焊烟尘对工人肺通气功能的影响。方法对2家机械制造企业的电焊作业环境进行卫生学调查,根据环境检查结果分为高水平组和低水平组,并对2组共423名电焊作业人员和219名非电焊作业人员进行健康检查。结果高水平组有13例(5.8%)有X线胸片异常以及25例(11.20%)肺通气功能异常,明显高于低水平组合对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论电焊作业对劳动者健康损害是明显的,跟电焊烟尘的水平有关,应采取切实有效的防治措施,降低电焊烟尘对工人的健康影响。

Objective To understand the effect of welding smoke and dust on pulmonary ventilation function of workers. Methods Two vehicle manufacturer were selected for detection of occupational hazards in welding operation environment, and divided to high level group and low level group according to test result. The results of occupational health examination on 346 welders and 219 non-welders were analyzed. Results 25 cases of the high level group had pulmonary ventilation dysfunction and 13 cases had abnormal chest X-ray, both were higher than low level group and control（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Welding operation is significantly harmful to workers, and the harmfulness is related to the level of welding smoke and dust. It is necessary to adopt active and effective methods to reduce the effect of welding smoke and dust on workers’ health.