公平与效率的冲突及其消解路径--基于公共决策目标的分析

The Conflict and Compromise between Justice and Efficiency:Based on the Analysis of Public Decision-Making's Goals

公平和效率都是基本的决策目标。能否恰当地处理公平与效率的关系,是评价公共决策合理与否的基本标准之一。学界对公平与效率的判断标准及其关系的处理进行了积极探索,也实现了从取舍理论到协调理论的发展。但无论是取舍理论还是协调理论,都试图寻找一种界定公平与效率的普遍性原理,设计处理公平与效率关系的永恒原则,却忽视了公共决策实践发生的具体情境。因此,需依据"情境模型"来更好地解决公共决策中存在的公平与效率的冲突。

Justice and efficiency are the basic goal of decision-making. They are one of the bas- ic standards to evaluate weather the public decision-making is reasonable or not. The justice and ef- ficiency are dialectical united with each other. On the one hand they are mutually promoted; on the other hand they are conflict. It is a difficult question to deal with the relationship between justice and efficiency. Many scholars have carried on an active exploration of the criteria and relationship be- tween justice and efficiency. They achieved the achievement that developed the Trade-off theory to the Harmonization theory. But both of the theories try to find a universal and eternal principle which can define and design the relationship between justice and efficiency, instead of finding the special situation of the practice of public decision-making. It is necessary for us to solve the conflict between justice and efficiency in public decision-making based on the ＂situation model＂.