试论赫哲族史诗《伊玛堪》中的程式语翻译——以《香叟莫日根》为例

The Translation of Formulaic Language in the Yimakan Epics of Hezhe Ethnic Minority Based on Xiangsou Mergen

每一种语言和文化都有大量的积淀,随着不同的文学体裁和语言模式的传承发展,这些积淀以某种独特的方式被保存下来。程式语是民族文化在语言方面传承积淀的一个类典型。特别是在具有典型民族文化传统的史诗中,程式语在叙事结构中的使用尤为突出。口头程式理论对赫哲族史诗翻译具有很强的解释力。以《香叟莫日根》的翻译为例,呼语程式翻译、韵律程式翻译和回环组合程式翻译都非常突出。影响程式语翻译的原则主要有两个:一是语法明晰化,二是认知增量。

The accumulation of language and culture is passed down in some special ways, with the development of various literary genres and language models. Formulaic language is a prototype accumulated in national culture, especially in the narrative structure in the epics with national cultural conventions. Oral formulaic theory can be used to explain the translation of the epics of Hezhe ethnic minority. In the translation of Xiangsou Mergen, formulaic language in greetings, rhythms, circle figures of speech are prominent. Basically, two principals have influenced the translation of formulaic language, i.e. the explication of grammar and the cognitive increments.