胡适的新文学文体接触进化论——胡适的国别文学接触进化论之二

Hu Shi's Contact Evolution Theory of New Literary Style——The Second Part of Hu Shi's Contact Evolution Theory of National Literary

胡适文学思想的核心是进化论,认为文学进化有两条规律:一是文学的自然进化,二是文学的接触进化。文学接触进化论成为胡适考察中国文学发展的思想方法与价值准则,他提出:不同国家间存在不同的文学,国家间的文学没有互相接触、相互影响就会停止不前;国家间文学只有不断冲撞融合,才能够不断推动文学的进化、发展。胡适认为,中国文学的各式体裁中,戏剧最受束缚,进化成程最差。中国戏剧只有与外国戏剧不断接触、冲撞、融合,才能促进中国戏剧的文体演变,催生中国现代戏剧;其次,中国小说与西方小说"相接触",促进中国小说的文体演变,指明了新文学小说演进的路径;再次,中国诗歌与西方诗歌"相接触",推动中国诗歌的"诗体大解放",完成诗歌体式的跳跃式演进,创造出白话新诗。

The theory of evolution is the core of Hu Shi's literature and he believed that literary evolution has two rules: one is the natural evolution of literature, the other is evolution of contacts. Contact evolution becomes Hu Shi's thinking way and value regulations in his study of Chinese literature development. He said different countries had different literature, which would stop without mutual contact and mutual influence among countries; only continuous merge and collision of national literature may promote the evolution and development of literature. Hu Shi thought, in all kinds of genres of Chinese literature, the play's crippled most and evolved so slowly. Only to contact continually with foreign drama may promote the style evolution of Chinese drama and give birth to modern Chinese drama; secondly, Chinese novels ' contacting' with Western novel promoted the style evolution of Chinese novels and showed the evolution path of new literary novel; thirdly, Chinese poetry and Western poetry's ' touch' contributed to 'poetic style liberation' of Chinese poetry, completed the leap-style development of poetic and created vernacular poems.