我国南北方气温和降水气候态变化特征及其对气候检测结果的影响

Characteristics of Temperature and Precipitation Climate State Change in the South and the North of China and Its Influence of Climate Monitoring

利用1961一2012年中国区域1353个站的年平均气温和年降水资料,分析南方和北方4种气候态的变化特征,并探索气候态的改变对南方和北方气候检测的影响。结果表明:气候变暖对气候态的影响较为明显,气候态的改变会使得南北方气候分析结果发生改变。北方近52年来年平均气温的升温趋势较明显,南方升温趋势较弱,南北方在I态、II态和III态下的年平均气温均呈现一致的增加趋势,但北方比南方升温更快。南北方年降水量的历年变化差异较大,北方年降水量呈现弱的"降-升-降-升"变化趋势,南方年降水量的历年变化较大,多项式趋势线呈"2峰3谷"。气候态的改变使得北方和南方的气温和降水等级均向着高等级移动,北方气温等级的变化受气候态的影响比南方更明显。

Based on the yearly surface air temperature and yearly precipitation of 1353 meteorological stations over China from 1961 to 2012, characteristics of temperature and precipitation under four climate states change and the influence of climate monitoring in the north and the south of China are investigated. The results showed that, the climate states impact of climate warming is obvious, and the change of climate states make the climate analysis different in the north and the south of China. During the nearly 52 years, warming trend is obvious in the north of China, but weaker in the south of China. Under the Ⅰ state, Ⅱ state and Ⅲ state, the annual mean temperature in the north and the south of China are both consistent increasing. But the annual mean temperature in the north of China is heat up faster than it in the south of China. The difference of annual precipitation in the north and the south of China is great over the 52 years. In the north of China, the annual precipitation appears weak ＂down - up - down - up＂ trend, but the annual variation of annual precipitation in the south of China is larger, the polynomial trend line shows ＂2 peaks and 3 valleys＂. Weather in the north or the south of China, the climate change makes the temperature level moves to the high level. And the climate state influence on temperature level in the north of China is also more obvious than the south of China.