乡村儒学发展与现代农村治理

Rural Development of Confucianism and Modern Rural Governance

中国儒家思想的内容概括起来就是:修身、齐家、治国、平天下。修身齐家属于伦理道德的范畴,探讨的是伦理哲学;治国平天下探讨的是政治哲学。从宋代的吕氏乡约到朱熹的增损乡约以及王阳明的南赣乡约,再到现代梁漱溟用儒家的"孝""仁""诚信"教化民众的乡村建设思想,都是儒学在乡村中的创新性发展和转化,这种具有乡土特质的乡村儒学,让儒家精神内化于民众之中,促进了农村公民道德的重建。同样在现代农村治理中,需要从优秀传统文化中汲取养分,侧重村干部的榜样性和农民的主体性作用,村干部要用儒家文化的为人为官和治国安邦理念来修身养性树官德,民众要立足于传统文化的继承,用孝道伦理秩序营造纯朴民风。

The contents of the Chinese Confucian thought is summed up as cultivating individual moral charac- ter, running the family unison, managing the nation in order, and peace prevailing throughout the world; cultiva- ting individual moral character and running the family unison is ethical category that examines the ethical philoso- phy while managing the nation in order and peace prevailing throughout the world explores the political philosophy. From the Lti＇ s Convention of Song Dynasty to Zhu Xi＇ s Convention and Wang Yangming＇ s Southern Jiangxi Con- vention to modem times Liang Shuming＇ s rural construction thoughts are the innovative development and transfor- mation of Confucianism in the rural areas. In the modem rural governance, nutrients should be drawn from the ex- cellent traditional culture, village cadres should set good examples and farmers should play important role.