以“德”抗“位”的回归——论孟子、赵岐和朱熹的君臣观

The Return of the Idea “Virtue' Against' Status”——the View on Monarch and Subject by Mencius,Zhao Qi and Zhu Xi

在君臣关系上,先秦孟子主张德高于位,东汉赵岐虽未能继承孟子衣钵以德抗位,却也守道不违,守住了人臣的基本原则。而至南宋朱熹在吸纳与反省宋代《孟子》议题的时候,再次开掘和彰显仁义道德本真,以德抗位的人臣之本也自东汉赵岐之后得以回归。

On the emperor-minister relationship,Mencius in pre-Qin period advocated the idea that vir tue was higher than status. Although Zhao Qi in Eastern Han Dynasty did not inherit the idea of Mencius, he still held the basic principles of officials. Then, absorbing the achievement of the study on Mencius in Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi in Southern Song Dynasty again highlighted virtue and morality, and returned to the view of virtue against status, making it the official conduct after Zhao Qi.