湖南省性别工资差异及其影响因素研究——基于家务劳动时间的视角

A Study on Gender Wage Gap and Its Influence Factors in Hunan Province——Based on the Perspective of Housework Time

通过建立理论模型,并用2014年湖南省5县区20个城乡社区的调查数据,从家务劳动时间的视角分析湖南劳动力市场的性别工资差异及其影响因素。结果发现,家务劳动时间是影响湖南劳动力市场性别工资差异的重要因素,同时其他影响因素还有月工资收入、受教育程度、行业等,但职务职称对性别工资差异的影响存在不确定性。因此,政府应大力发展家庭服务业,建立健全覆盖城乡的家庭服务体系,基本满足家庭的服务需求,使女性从家务劳动中解脱出来,同时应通过政策倾斜确保女性培训比例,增强就业竞争实力;规范劳动合同,维护私有及民营企业女性从业者在劳动就业、社会保障等方面的合法权益。

Based on the theoretical model and research data from 20 urban--rural communities of 5 counties in Hunan Province in 2014, the paper analyzes influencing factors of gender wage differentials in Hunan labor market from the angle of housework time. Research results show that housework time is an important factor that affects the gender wage gap of Hunan labor market, and there also exists other influencing factors like monthly income, education level, vocation and so on. However, the effect of positional title on gender wage differential shows uncertainty. Therefore, the government should vigorously develop family services, and establish a sound service system covering urban and rural families, basically meeting service requirements and freeing women from housework. At the same time, the government should ensure the proportion of women in vocational training and strengthen their employment competitiveness through policy support. Labor contract should also be strictly regulated, safeguarding the legitimate right of women in employment, social security and so on in private enterprises.