吴汝纶与桐城派在清末民初的演变——以《汉魏六朝百三家集选》及其刊刻为考察中心

WU Ru-lun and the Evolution of Tongcheng School in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic Period——A Research on Han Wei Liu Chao Bai San Jia Ji Xuan and its publication

《汉魏六朝百三家集选》是晚清吴汝纶据明张溥《汉魏六朝百三家集》删选而成的一部大型诗文选本。该书的编选与刊刻均有着特殊的时代意义和理论价值:该书于其任教直隶保定莲池书院期间编选而成,编选动机源自维新变法前后吴汝纶对中学存亡的深刻思考。该书在民国初期的刊刻出版与桐城末派大护法徐树铮对自我权力的维护有直接关系。该书在校勘、圈点、评注等诗文评点中,体现出编选、刊刻者强烈的流派意识,显示出桐城派传统的传承性。该书对汉魏六朝诗文的认可、推尊,一定程度上突破了桐城派固守唐宋八大家的古文体系。该书吸收曾国藩、方东树二人的诗学观念,以气势、情韵论诗与文,发掘汉魏六朝诗文的劲健、华妙之美,呈现出晚清桐城派独特的"六朝想象"。

Han Wei Liu Chao Bai San Jia Ji Xuan was a large-scale poetic prose anthology by WU Ru-lun, which was handpicked from Zhang Pu＇s Han Wei Liu Chao Bai San Jia Ji. The edition and publication of the book carried special significance and theoretical value. It was originated from WU Ru-lun＇s profound thoughts on the traditional Chinese culture during the tenure of Lianchi Academy. The power maintenance of Xu Shuzheng who acted as a guardian of Tongeheng School was directly related to the publication of the anthology; Traditional critical modes such as collation, punctuation and annotation perfectly reflected a forceful sense of school-consciousness in the book, which indicated the profound influence of the tradition in Tongcheng School. The approval and promotion about medieval poetic prose had brought about a breakthrough of Tongeheng School＇s classical system which firmly entrenched in the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. The book absorbed certain poetic concepts of Zeng Guofan and Fang Dongshu who concentrated on the momentum and elegance of poetic prose, and excavated the unique aesthetic pattern of medieval works, which formed a particular imagination about Six Dynasties of Tongcheng School in Late Qing Dynasty.