“半公众参与决策模式”——应对邻避冲突的政府策略

“Semi-Public Decision-Making Model”——Governments' Strategy on Responding to NIMBY Conflict

在保持决策高效率的同时控制决策风险是各国政府追求的目标。为了化解日益高涨的邻避冲突,政府决策和公众参与在寻求良性互动的过程中逐渐形成了两种基本决策模式:政府自主决策模式和公众参与决策模式。然中国的情况却与此并不相同,从X市和Z市处置"PX"项目的对比案例来看,我国正在形成一种"半公众参与决策模式",其特点可简单概括为"封闭决策+半开放的政策过程"。这种决策模式目前已成为政府防止决策失误,应对公众挑战的一个重要机制。

Risk-control while maintaining the high efficiency of decision-making is a goal pursued by governments all over the world. In order to resolve the rising NIMBY conflict, government decision-mak- ing and public participation have gradually formed two basic decision-making models in positive interactions： Government Autonomous Decision-Making Model and Public Decision-Making Model. However, Chinese experiences show considerable differences： a research on the contrast cases of ＂PX＂ project from X City and Z City shows that China has been forming a ＂Semi-Public Decision-Making Model＂, which can be summarized as ＂closed decision-making combining with semi-opening policy process＂. This decision model has become an important mechanism to prevent decision failure and deal with public challenges in recent China.