论两岸和平发展中的“宪法共识”

On “Constitutional Consensus”in Cross-Straits Peaceful Development

政治自由主义关注的"多元理论信念冲突下如何持续稳定地实现和平发展"问题,也是当前处理两岸关系,实现国家统一所面临的重要课题。罗尔斯曾为此提出经由"宪法共识"实现"重叠共识"。两岸和平统一有赖于两岸实现重叠共识,为此要不断累积宪法共识。现存于两岸现行"宪法"中的共识有:对两岸人民同属中华民族的共识;对"一个中国框架"的共识;对"主权在民"的共识;对采用"民主共和制"的共识;对"尊重和保障基本人权"的共识;对政府"注重民生、增进民众福祉"的共识。近年来两岸对结束敌对状态、促进和平发展、扩大经贸文化交流、共同打击犯罪、维护社会安全、实现互利双赢、维护中国固有领土疆域的共识,也初步具有宪法共识的性质。两岸上述的宪法共识,需要两岸共同制定正式宪法性文件——两岸和平协议予以确认。两岸和平协议是两岸和平发展的法律保障,也是实现两岸重叠共识的基础。两岸应启动政治谈判,经由相互宽容、彼此妥协和适时让步的路径,分阶段商签系列两岸和平协议。

The issue concerned by political liberalism that 'how to realize the peaceful development stably sustainably in the context of conflict beliefs of multiple theories'is significant to deal with cross-straits relations and realize the reunification of our country. Herein Rawls proposed to realize 'overlapping consensus'by way of 'constitutional consensus'. The cross-straits peaceful reunification depends on the realization of overlapping consensus and for this reason constitutional consensus shall be accumulated gradually. Existing consensuses in current cross-straits 'constitutions'are as follows: the consensus that crossstraits people are Chinese nation,the consensus on 'the framework of one country',the consensus that sovereignty belongs to the people,the consensus to adopt 'a democratic republic regime',the consensus to respect and protect human rights and the consensus to concern people's livelihood and improve people's welfare. In recent years,the cross-straits consensuses on cessation of hostilities,improvement of peaceful development,expansion of economic,trading and cultural exchange,combating crimes together,protection for social safety,realization of mutual benefits and protection for Chinese original territory have the nature of constitutional consensus preliminarily. The abovementioned cross-straits constitutional consensuses shall be confirmed by a cross-straits peace agreement which is a formal constitutional document reached by China's Mainland and Taiwan together. A cross-straits peace agreement is not only the legal protection for the cross-straits peaceful development but also the foundation for realizing crossstraits overlapping consensus. China's Mainland and Taiwan shall begin a political negotiation and then reach a series of cross-straits peace agreements in stages by means of mutual forgiveness,compromise and proper concession.