汉语阅读障碍儿童语素意识缺损实质

Morpheme Awareness Deficit in Chinese Children with Dyslexia: A Knowledge Deficit or Skill Defect?

使用首词、尾词和整词启动,比较了23名阅读障碍和24名阅读能力匹配组儿童不同透明度词汇的启动效应,以探索阅读障碍儿童语素意识缺损的实质。结果发现障碍组儿童不透明词的启动效应高于匹配组;透明词的启动效应与匹配组差异不显著。这表明阅读障碍儿童不同透明度复合词在心理词典中的存储没有分化,其词素和整词间存在兴奋性通路,反映了其语素意识缺损是一种规则使用能力缺陷而非规则意识缺陷。

Previous researches demonstrated that morpheme awareness deficit was strongly associated with Chinese de- velopmental dyslexics. The current research tried to explore the nature of morpheme awareness deficit by investi- gating the mental representation of semantically transparent and opaque compound words. 23 children with Chi- nese developmental dyslexia and 24 controls matched with reading level finished head-morpho, tail-morpho, un- related-morpho priming task of semantically transparent and opaque words. For semantically opaque words, prim- ing effects were significantly greater in dyslexic children relative to those observed in controls. For semantically transparent words, no group difference was observed. Dyslexic children also exhibited similar priming effects in both transparent and opaque words. This result suggested that they had knowledge of morpheme awareness but failed to use it in an appropriate way.