口腔健康教育项目在中学生中实施的效果评价

Effects of oral health education program in middle school students

目的了解口腔健康教育项目在中学生实施前后口腔保健知识和行为改变的情况。方法以经过标准化设计的口腔健康教育内容对中学生实施口腔健康教育,采用口腔保健知识问卷在健康教育项目实施前后进行监测和评价。结果对"牙龈出血必须就医"的认知最明显,教育前其知晓率为33.05%,教育后其知晓率为69.92%;对于"牙刷使用3个月必须更换"、"牙线是一种清洁牙齿的工具"、"牙龈出血是不正常的现象"、"每次刷牙应刷3 min"、"甜食在进餐同时进食有利于防龋"、"人老不一定会掉牙"、"应定期检查口腔"、"使用牙签是口腔卫生习惯"认知度有变化,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。口腔健康行为方面,"用上下竖刷法刷牙"变化最明显,教育前正确率为24.58%,教育后正确率为63.41%;"每次刷牙时间3 min"、"到医院定期检查口腔"、"每天刷牙2次以上"、"早餐前睡觉前刷牙"也有改变,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论标准化设计的口腔健康教育内容对丰富中学生口腔保健知识和改善中学生口腔保健行为具有一定成效和可行性。

Objective To investigate the improvements of oral health knowledge in middle school students after the program of oral health education.Methods A well designed and standardized education program was carried out in mid-dle school students, and a questionnaire of oral health was performed before and after this program to evaluate the educa-tion effects.Results The agreement about “gum-bleeding is a sign to go to a doctor” was improved most obviously, which was 33.05%and 69.92%before and after education respectively （P〈0.05）.Enhancements were also achieved in other aspects （P〈0.05）, such as“toothbrush should be replaced within 3 months”,“floss and toothpick are tools to clean teeth”,“gum bleeding is an abnormal phenomenon”, “to brush teeth should be more than 3 minutes every time and more than 2 times every day”,“to eat dessert during a meal help prevent caries”,“teeth loosing is not predestined in old people”, “to check teeth regularly”, and “to brush teeth before breakfast and night sleep”.Interestingly the knowledge about“to brush teeth up and down vertically” was also improved dramatically, and the rate was 24.58%and 63.41%before and after education respectively （P〈0.05）.Conclusion It is feasible and effective to improve oral health knowledge and behaviors by standardized oral health education program.Relevant professional terms and education methods need to be further improved.