3Zhu Y,Pandya BJ,Choi HK.Comorbidities of Gout and Hyperuricemia in the US General Population:NHANES 2007-2008[J].American Journal of Medicine,2012,125(7):679-687.el.
4Satirapoj B,Supasyndh 0,Chaiprasert A,et al.Relationship between serum uric acid levels with chronic kidney disease in a Southeast Asian popu!ation[J],Nephrology,2010,15(2):253-258.
5Krishnan E.Reduced Glomerular Function and Prevalence of Gout:NHANES 2009-10[J],Plos One,2012,7(11):e50046.
6Chang HY,Tung CW,Lee PH,et al.Hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor of chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and elderly popu!ation[J].American Journal of the Medical Sciences,2010,339(6):509-515.
8Sanchez-Lozada LG,Tapia E,Santamaria J,et al.Mild hyperuricemia induces vasoconstriction and maintains glomerular hypertension in normal and remnant kidney rats[J].Kidney International,2005,67(1):237-247.
9Roncal CA,Mu W,Croker B,et al.Effect of elevated serum uric acid on cisplatin-induced acute renal failure[J].American Journal of Physiology- Renal Physiology,2007,292(1):F116-F122.
10Kanellis J,Watanabe S,Li JH,et al.Uric acid stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vascular smooth muscle cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2[J].Hypertension,2003,41(6):1287-1293.
5National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure. Am J Kidney Dis, 2000, 35 Suppl 2:S1-S140.
6Aparicio M, Chauveau P, Combe C. Are supplemented lowprotein diets nutritionally safe? Am J Kidney Dis, 2001, 37( 1 Suppl 2) :S71-S76.
7Mitch W E. Are supplements of ketoacids and amino acids useful in treating patients with chronic renal failure? Wien Klin Wochenschr, 2000, 112: 863-864.
8Levey AS, Greene T, Beck G J, et al. Dietary protein restriction and the progression of chronic renal disease: what have all of the results of the MDRD study shown? J Am Soc Nephrol, 1999,10:2426-2439.
9Kopple JD. Dietary protein and energy requirements in ESRD patients. Am J Kidney Dis, 1998, 32:(6 Suppl 4)S97-S104.
10American Diabetes Association. Position statements diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care, 2003,26: S94-S98