开封市基层政权的创立与调整(1948-1955)

The Establishment and Adjustment of the Grass-roots Political Power in Kaifeng(1948-1955)

从1948年10月开封解放到1955年,开封的城市基层政权经历多次调整。接管开封市时,中共只能暂时利用保甲开展工作。1949年1月,开封市废除保甲,建立区一镇一街三级政权。1949年7月,开封市基层政权改行"警政合一"。1952年10月,开封市重新恢复区、镇政府建制。1955年,开封市裁撤镇政府,建立街居制。街居制具有"基层解决"的特点,适应了当时城市基层社会管理的需要。这一调整历程,反映了中共政权建设的理念与现实对接时的碰撞,也折射出其规划城市社会的宏大构想与现实之间的差距。

From October 1948 to 1955, Kaifeng＇ s urban grass-roots political power experienced several adjustments. When taking over Kaifeng, the CPC just temporarily used the Bao-Jia system to work. In January 1949, the Bao-Jia system was abolished, and the three-levels political power of district-town-street was established. In July 1949, the grass-roots regime started to take the system of ＂combination of police and administration＂. In October 1952 Kaifeng City restarted the government system of district and town. In 1955 Kaifeng abolished the town government, and established the street system. Street system had the characteristics of ＂solution in basic level＂, adapting to the needs of social management of city grass-roots at that time. The adjustment process reflected the collision of the reality and concept of the regime construction of the CPC, and also the gap between the the grand planning of urban society and the reality.