多功能靶向性表柔比星脂质体的制备及其对脑胶质瘤细胞的抑制效应

Preparation of Multifunctional Targeting Epirubicin Liposomes and Their Efficacy in Inhibiting Brain Glioma Cells

目的制备用于治疗脑部肿瘤的多功能靶向性表柔比星脂质体、对其进行理化表征并考察其对脑毛细血管内皮细胞的靶向性和对脑胶质瘤细胞的抑制效应。方法以葡萄糖类似物2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(NH2-Glu)为靶向分子,通过与长循环胆固醇材料进行化学合成,制备针对血脑屏障毛细血管内皮细胞和脑胶质瘤细胞葡萄糖转运体的靶向性功能材料;将此靶向材料修饰到脂质体上,以表柔比星为抗癌药,制备多功能靶向性表柔比星脂质体;对该脂质体进行理化表征;在脑毛细血管内皮细胞和脑胶质瘤细胞上考察其摄取情况;在脑胶质瘤细胞上考察其抑制效应。结果由飞行时间质谱分析证实,成功制备了聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺酯-胆固醇(Chol-PEG2000-Glu)靶向性材料。构建的多功能靶向性表柔比星脂质体经粒径仪和原子力显微镜测定粒径均一,约125 nm,电位测量呈负电性。表柔比星的包封率约为93%。流式细胞仪测定结果显示,相对于表柔比星脂质体对照制剂,多功能靶向性表柔比星脂质体在脑毛细血管内皮细胞和2种脑胶质瘤细胞中摄取强度均显著提升。在体外细胞毒实验中,多功能靶向性表柔比星脂质体对脑胶质瘤细胞抑制效果明显增强。结论本实验合成了一种新的靶向性长循环胆固醇材料并成功构建了多功能靶向性表柔比星脂质体,该载药脂质体可被脑毛细血管内皮细胞摄取、表现出跨越血脑屏障潜能并可靶向性抑制脑胶质瘤细胞生长。

OBJECTIVE To develop a kind of muhifunctional targeting epirubiein liposomes for the treatment of brain tumor, to characterize their physicochemical properties, and to observe their targeting effects on the brain microvascular endothelial cells （ BMVECs） and on the brain glioma cells. METHODS The 2-amino-2-deoxy-fl-D-glucopyranose （NH2-Glu） was used as a targeting molecule and conjugated with a cholesterol-polyethylene glycol derivative （Chol-PEG2000-NHS） for obtaining the targeting functional material aimed at targeting to glucose transporter-1 （ Glut-1 ） on the BMVECs of blood-brain barrier and further targeting to the glioma cells. To prepare the muhifuncfional targeting epirubicin liposomes, the targeting functional material was modified onto the surface of liposomes, and epirubicin was loaded into the core of liposomes as the anticancer drug. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size, polydispersity indexes and Zeta potential of the liposomes were measured, their cellular uptakes were performed on the BMVECs and the glioma cells. The inhibitory effect was performed on the glioma cells. RESULTS The analysis by MALDI-TOF-MS demonstrated that the targeting functional material, Chol-PEG2000-Glu, was successfully synthesized. The multifunctional targeting epirubicin liposomes were prepared, and had an average particle size of approximately 125 nm, and were negatively charged. The encapsulation efficiency of epirubicin in the liposomes was about 93%. Results from flow cytometry indicated that the muhifunctional targeting epirubicin liposomes had the highest cellular uptakes by BMVECs and by two kinds of brain glioma cells as compared with no-targeting epirubicin liposomes. The cytotoxic study showed that the muhifunctional targeting epirubicin liposomes had the strongest inhibitory effect to brain glioma cells as compared with free epirubicin or no-targeting epirubicin liposomes. CONCLUSION A new targeting material （Chol-PEG200o-Glu） and the muhifunctional targeting epirubicin liposomes are developed, and the muhifunctional targeting epirubicin liposomes exhibit the potential fortransporting across the blood-brain barrier （BBB） , and selectively inhibiting the brain glioma cells.