云南河口植胶区橡胶林现状分析和发展建议

Current Situation and Development Proposal of Natural Rubber Plantations in Hekou of Yununnan Provice

要:通过对2013年云南河口植胶区4个农场橡胶幼林普查资料和2000年以后多次低温寒害的分析表明:橡胶林更新时间和面积与寒害出现时间及危害程度有关;2000年后新植和更新种植的幼林普遍大量种植云研77-4新品种,过于单一的品种结构为植胶业留下新的隐患。针对橡胶林更新现状,提出要提高对胶园更新的正确认识,合理规划,多品种配置植胶,提高橡胶树群体抗御自然灾害的能力,及建设新一代高产稳产胶园的建议;并对在寒害频繁的河口地区如何巩固和发展天然橡胶产业进行了探讨,认为要转变理念,重新科学定位和规划植胶区域,探索经济、社会、生态效益更好的种植和经营模式,创建与其它产业经济互利共存的环境友好型生态胶园。

Cold injury has occurred in Hekou rubber plantations several times since 2000, there is correlation between rubber renew time and planting area and cold injury based on the data from general survey in four young rubber plantations in 2013. Clone Yunyan 77-4 with high cold resistance has become the dominant cultivar to renew plantations since 2000, but this single source makes a new threat to the development of natual rubber. The renewal situation makes growers must consider the ecosys-tem, plantation design and multi-clone disposition strategies to ensure the ability of rubber population against natural hazard. Measures to consolidate and develop rubber industry in cold waves frequently attacked areas are discussed. Plant pattern and management pattern with good economic, social and ecological benefits are needed to creat an environment friendly planta-tion with other industries for mutual benefit.