近代旅日欧美学者的日本文学比较研究

Comparative Studies of Japanese Literature by Early Modern Western Japanologists Living in Japan

近代旅日欧美学者的日本文学研究,既有比较视野下的日本文学批评,也有日本作家、作品与其西方同类的对照比较,其中"比附"作为一种惯例常态化出现。整体而言旅日欧美学者对日本文学的评价相对较低,难脱以偏概全之嫌,显然是以西方的所谓文学标准来衡量日本文学作品,并不加掩饰地显示出西方文学与文化优越的论调。事实上,"比较"作为方法,要求研究者既有丰富的知识储备,又有恢宏的视野,还要有一种纯正的比较理念。

In the second half of the 19 th century and early 20 th century,Western Japanologists living in Japan studied Japanese literature mainly in two ways,namely,criticism in a comparative perspective,and comparison between Japanese writers and their Western counterparts.Arbitrary analogies were prevalent among their studies.Such comparisons appeared so frequently that they were accepted as a convention.As a whole,Japanologists evaluated Japanese literature as rather low,which was both overgeneralizing and biased.Apparently,in judging Japanese literature,they prejudicially used Western literature as the standard and exhibited thinly-veiled western-centralism.The essay therefore argues that to use 'comparative study' as a method,it is necessary for researchers to obtain abundant knowledge,possess a broad horizon,and utilize unadulterated ideas of comparative literature.