学校宿舍楼火灾烟气流动及温度分布规律研究

Study of Fire Smoke Flow and Temperature Distributing in School Dormitory Buildings

建筑物发生火灾时,产生的大量烟气是对人员危害性最大的因素之一。为了研究火灾时的烟气流动规律,运用场模拟软件FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)对甘肃地区某内长廊式初级中学宿舍楼在各层门窗及一层主出入口的开启和闭合等不同通风状况下的火灾场景,进行数值模拟,研究了建筑物通风情况对火灾时烟气流动、温度分布的影响规律。分析结果表明:通风面积越大,烟气层高度越高,而走廊和楼梯间温度均较低;烟气容易在楼梯出口处聚集,特别是一层通向外界的出入口封闭后,对流换热效应减弱,烟气很容易蓄积,形成蓄烟池效应。根据研究所得烟气分布规律,提出内长廊式学生宿舍的安全疏散设计和应急管理的改进措施。

When the building fire breaks out,a large amount of the smoke produced is one of the biggest harmful factors to human beings. In order to study the rule of smoke fluxion in the building fire,two different fire scenes of inner long corridor dormitory of the junior high school in Gansu province,which include the different ventilation area and the open or closed situations of the exit doors on the first floor,are simulated numerically with FDS.Then,the influences of the ventilation on dynamic smoke fluxion,temperature distributing and altitude distributing are studied. The results indicate that the smoke flows and the temperature are influenced by the different ventilation area in the corridor and staircase,and the smoke is easy thing to assemble flock together in the staircase,especially when the passageway is closed. Based on the smoke flow distribution,the corresponding improvement measures are put forward for safety evacuation in high school.