摘要
20世纪90年代以来,巴西高等教育得到了快速发展,实现了由精英型向大众型高等教育的快速跨越。在这一进程中,巴西高等教育采取了经费多元化的融资战略:增加国家教育总投入,不断提高基础教育预算所占比例,减少高等教育在教育总预算中的比例;建立联邦、州和市政府之间预算分层机制,使得联邦政府成为高等教育拨款的最主要主体;高等教育资源分配模式属于典型的二元部门制下的异质型,其中公立高校免收学费,主要依赖政府拨款运行,私立高校则主要依赖学费运转,但同时接受政府的财政资助;巴西政府鼓励所有高校通过多种形式自筹经费和接受国内外社会捐赠。高等教育经费多元化融资战略,促进了巴西高等教育的快速发展,但同时也带来高等教育的公平和质量问题。
Brazilian higher education has been developed rapidly since the beginning of 1990s. It has successfully accomplished the transformation to massification. In this pro- cess a diversified financing strategy has been adopted: increasing national educational in- vestment, improving the proportion of basic education budget and reducing the proportion of higher education budget in the total budget; adjusting the financial stratification mecha- nism between federal, state and municipal governments and keeping the federal government the main body of higher education funding; making pubic institutions mainly reliant on gov- ernment funding and charge no tuition; making private ones reliant on tuition fees and ob- tain a large amount of student loan and scholarship from the governments; encouraging all the institutions to raise funds and accept the social donation through various ways. The di- versified financing strategy has accelerated the development of Brazil higher education. However, it has brought Brazil more problems in higher education equity and quality.
出处
《外国教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第7期115-128,共14页
Studies in Foreign Education
基金
教育部2010年人文社科青年基金项目"‘金砖四国’高等教育经费多元化改革比较研究"(项目批准号:10YJC880080)
全国教育科学规划青年基金项目"共同体取向的公民教育实践模式比较研究"(项目批准号:CDA090117)
浙江省2010年教育厅项目"‘金砖四国’高等教育经费多元化改革比较研究"(项目批准号:Y201016372)
关键词
巴西
高等教育
教育经费
多元化
大众化
Brazil
higher education
financing
diversification
massification