河北平原区低产麦田土壤肥力提升技术研究

Study on the promotion for soil fertility of low-yield wheat land in Hebei Plain

针对河北平原区低产田小麦产量低、土壤肥力持续下降问题,作者在藁城市和保定市清苑区低产田进行了2年田间试验,研究了平衡施用无机肥及合理配施有机肥对小麦生物量、产量、养分吸收利用及土壤肥力等的影响。结果表明:与农民传统习惯施肥相比,平衡施用氮磷钾无机肥并配以鸡粪有机肥提高小麦产量14%以上,籽粒氮磷钾吸收量提高10%以上,籽粒N、P2O5、K2O利用率分别为32.6%,62.8%和23.2%,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾平均提高14.2%。综合表现以在秸秆还田基础上,施用小麦籽粒带出N、P、K量相等的无机肥并配以1 500kg/hm2鸡粪有机肥提高小麦秸秆重、籽粒产量及其构成因素,促进小麦养分吸收,提高籽粒养分利用率,籽粒吸收氮磷钾比例与肥料施用接近,改善土壤肥力效果较好。

To address the issue of low wheat yields and sustainable decreases in soil fertility throughout the marginal cropping zone of the Hebei Plain,a two-year field experiment was conducted in Qingyuan District of Baoding City and Gaocheng City,Hebei Province,China.The outcomes of combining inorganic fertilizer with and organic fertilizer（chicken manure）on wheat biomass,yield,nutrient uptake and use,soil organic matter and available nutrient were examined.The results highlighted that when compared with the traditional use of inorganic fertilizer alone,the combined application of inorganic fertilizer with the organic fertilizer,average grain yields were enhanced by 14%,N,P and K uptake increased by more than 10%,and the nutrient use efficiencies of N,P2O5 and K2O were 32.6%,62.8% and 23.2%.Soilorganic matter and available N,P and K increased by 14.2% on average.Based on the preplanting maize straw return,the combination of inorganic fertilizer amount same as the grain bringing from soil with 1 500kg/hm2 of the organic chicken manure based fertilizer can improve crop biomass and yield,enhance nutrient uptake and use,and improve soil fertility for future crops.